今天这篇短文主要先简略地讲一下怎样写句子。我们留学生在写assignment的时候,想用的单词都凑齐了,这些单词也搞清楚怎么用了,可能还是写不出像样的句子。下面通过几个例子简单地说一下怎样写英语句子。
例1:
先在草稿纸上写出这样的句子:John comes from a large, lower-class family, and he enrolled in college this fall.
上面的句子意思是说清楚了,但是太松散了,就像一个小孩或者慢性子的人在说话,没有重点,会让听的或或者阅读的人产生这样一种感觉:“听你说话好累,你能不能不要半句半句地说,能不能一句话说完一个意思?”
我们要把它改进一下:John, who comes from a large, lower-class family, enrolled in college this fall.
例2:
草稿句:The dean issued a bulletin, and it said the library would remain open on weekends.
改进句:The issued a bulletin that said the library would remain open on weekends.
例3:
草稿句:The house is at the end of the street, and it was designed by a famous architect.
改进句:The house at the end of the street was designed by a famous architect.
例4:
草稿句:The guards were fully armed, and they expected trouble.
第一种改进句:Expecting trouble, the guards were fully armed.
第二种改进句:The fully-armed guards expected trouble.
(严格来讲,上面两个句子表达的意思不太一样,具体请根据你要表达的侧重来选择。)
例5:
草稿句:Mo Yan is a Chinese novelist, and he won a Nobel Prize.
第一种改进句:A Nobel Prize winner, Mo Yan is a Chinese novelist.
第二种改进句:Mo Yan became the first Chinese novelist who won a Nobel Prize.
例6:
草稿句:Mr. Edwards is the manager of the store, and he is a coucilman.
改进句:Mr. Edwards, the manager of the store, is a coucilman.
例7:
草稿句:My uncle brought me a gift, and it was a wristwatch.
改进句:My uncle brought me a gift, a wristwatch.
例8:
草稿句:Leo thought operating alone was better, and he knew he should not let his colleagues know he had this feeling.
改进句:Leo had enjoyed the independence of his operations, although he was careful to keep that observation to himself.
(observation是“judgement、想法、看法”的意思)
例9:
草稿句:They were sent behind enemy lines. Their tasks were destroying infrastructure, collecting information and carrying out assasinations. They were clandestine raiders.
改进句:Sent behind enemy lines, destroying infrastructure, collecting information, carrying out assasinations, they were clandestine raiders.
例子就举到这里,无非是用各种连词、关系代词、动词分词短语、副词短语等手段让零散的句子更紧凑,因为这是在写作,不能像说话那样半句半句地说,不能老是and,要换别的多种多样的连接方式。
是不是很简单?确实简单,但是不能小看这些练习。莎士比亚萧伯纳伊恩·麦克尤恩小时候也是这样做造句练习过来的。这样的练习要重复几万次甚至几十万词才差不多够到外国人高中毕业或大学一年级水平。
学英语作文和中文作文一样,要循序渐进。先学走再学跑,在掌握单词,学会写各种句子的基础上,再去学段落、谋篇布局。
当然,学写段落和作文也是一样,阅读量和写作的练习量一定要上去才行。
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